Figure 6-5 Conversion of
Decimal 20 to Binary
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Step
1
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20
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0
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20
< 128
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– 0
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128
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Step
2
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20
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0
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20
< 64
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– 0
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64
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Step
3
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20
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0
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20
< 32
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– 0
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32
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Step
4
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20
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1
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20
NOT < 16
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– 16
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16
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Step
5
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4
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0
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4
< 8
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– 0
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8
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Step
6
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4
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1
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4
NOT < 4
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– 4
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4
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Step
7
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0
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0
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0
< 2
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– 0
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2
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Step
8
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0
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0
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0
< 1
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– 0
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1
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0
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0
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0
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0
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1
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0
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1
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0
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0
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Answer: 20 = 00010100
Addressing Types of Communication: Unicast,
Broadcast, Multicast
In an IPv4 network, the hosts can
communicate in one of three different ways:
■
Unicast: The process of sending a packet from
one host to an individual host
■
Broadcast: The process of sending a packet from
one host to all hosts in the network
■
Multicast: The process of sending a packet from
one host to a selected group of hosts
Each
of these three types supports different types of communication in the data
networks and uses different IPv4 destination addresses. In all three cases, the
IPv4 address of the originating host is placed in the packet header as the
source address.
Unicast
Communication and Addresses
The
most common type of communication is unicast. This is the normal host-to-host
com-munication in both a client/server and a peer-to-peer network. For unicast
communication, the host addresses assigned to the two end devices are used as
the source and destination IPv4 addresses. During the encapsulation process,
the source host places its IPv4 address in
Figure
6-6 shows an example of IPv4 unicast communication from computer A with the
address 172.16.4.1 to the printer with the address 172.16.4.253. In the communication
rep-resented, computer A creates a single packet addressed to the Layer 3
address of the printer. This packet is then forwarded by the services at the
lower layers to the printer. If a copy of this packet should arrive at an end
device whose address does not match this address, that host will discard the
packet.
Figure 6-6 Unicast
Communication
Source: 172.16.4.1
Destination: 172.16.4.253
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A
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172.16.4.1
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B
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C
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172.16.4.253
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172.16.4.2
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172.16.4.3
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Note
In this book, all communication
between devices is unicast communication unless otherwise noted.
wah keren, boleh ni ajarin bahasa inggrisnya hehe salam kenal dari pontianak
BalasHapusTerimakasih atas komentar dan kunjungan kamu Thariqal Mustaqim :))
Hapus